Proceedings of the 5th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine

Barcelona, Spain, September 23-27, 2001
available Free Papers CdRom too.  


Monduzzi Editore International Proceedings Division Home Page

 

Foreword

The work that you are about to read is an updated synthesis of all our current knowledge on Perinatal Medicine.

The chapters of this book, written by the most prestigious perinatologists in the world exude not only knowledge, but also expertise and criterion. The publication of this book has only been possible thanks to the enthusiasm raised by the "5th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine" (Barcelona, 23-27 September 2001), which has gathered around this editorial project over 400 invited speakers from 71 different countries: the elite of Perinatal Medicine in the world.

The Congress is being held under the auspices of the "World Association of Perinatal Medicine" (WAPM), which was founded in Rome in 1988 on the occasion of the "11th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine". Since then, five big world congresses have been held at more or less regular intervals: Tokyo (1991), Rome (1993), San Francisco (1997), Buenos Aires (1999) and now Barcelona (2001). For each of these Congresses, a book of proceedings was edited, which intended to be a collection of the scientific contributions to the Congress. The last book, distributed in Buenos Aires, had more than 1000 pages. But the knowledge is constantly increasing, the techniques are progressing at incredible speed and the field of Perinatal Medicine, which not long ago was considered a medical sub-speciality at a very early stage of research, has now filled with content and has gained scientific and popular prestige. This is the first reason why this book of Proceedings is thicker than the previous ones. The second reason is also the progressive success of these Congresses, which, no doubt, are the consequence of the dynamism that the successive Boards of the WAPM have attached to their management.

In order to facilitate the reading and consultation of this book, the contributions have been grouped by topics that review all the areas of knowledge and technology on perinatology to the light of the current trends. As the reader will see, there is a nice balance between research and daily practice, between a vision of future and certain tokens of current limitations, which are unquestionable. There are two novelties that we are proud of: the introduction of certain topics on the situation of Perinatal Medicine in developing countries and the contribution of professionals who are not physicians, but are also an important part of the world of perinatology. We are talking of midwives and the nurses of neonatal intensive care units. We have considered that their keen participation could give us a view of our speciality from a different angle.

This book, together with the discussions that will no doubt be generated in Barcelona around the 162 meetings of the Congress will not only serve to enrich our knowledge, but above all to give us food for thought.

The changes of recent times have been so fast and hasty that very often we find it difficult to adopt a mature criterion. Protocols lose validity very soon and the very frontiers of our speciality appear constantly diffused. We have made great advances, of course. We have left behind the high mother and neonatal mortality rates and our current diagnosis capacity is sometimes simply overwhelming. But on certain occasions we have acted like a victorious army that has advanced too much with its technological vanguard, neglecting our doctrinal, philosophical and ethical rearguard. In the last years, urgent matters have often prevented us from working in relevant matters. If in these first years of our century we could find time to think about what we have done and we could reassess with critical eyes all our achievements, perhaps the progress achieved could have harmonious continuity in the Millennium that we have just started.

To conclude, the Editors of this book want to express our sincere thanks to the WAPM and to the other scientific societies (Spanish Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spanish Society of Neonatology, Iberoamerican Society of Prenatal Diagnosis, Midwive and Nurses Associations, etc.), which have collaborated with us in this project. And a very special thank you to all the colleagues who have sacrificed hours of rest to leave record on paper of their knowledge and experience in order to send us their contributions in time for publication.

J.M. CARRERA Congress President of WCPM
L. CABERO Associate President of WCPM
R. BARAIBAR Secretary General of WCPM

Index

Perinatal Health in the World

Perinatal Health in Europe: Neonatal Aspects
O.D. Saugstad

Perinatal Health in Asia and Oceania: Neonatal Aspects
V.Y.H. Yu

Perinatal Health in Africa – Neonatal Aspects
D. Woods

Perinatal Health in North America
F.A. Chervenak

Perinatal Health in Latin America
J.M. Belizán, G. Martínez and H. Capurro

Perinatal Health in Central America
Samuel Karchmer K.

Structure of Perinatal Care System

Organization of Prenatal Counselling Services
C. Papp and Z. Papp

Family Centered Maternities
A.M. Larguia

Cost-effectiveness of Fetal Monitoring with Artificial Neural Network FHR Analysis
K. Maeda, M. Utsu, Y. Noguhi, F. Matsumoto and T. Nagasawa

Episiotomy Frequency Rate: Is It a Perinatal Quality Indicator?
J.R. de Miguel, M. González, Y. Jubete, P. Real de Asúa and J.M. Cagigal

Assisted Reproduction Techniques (Art): Its Impact on Perinatal Medicine

Multiple Gestation Following Ovulation Induction and Assisted Reproduction Techniques: The Price to Pay?
J. Balasch

Assisted Reproductive Technology. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and Obstetrical Outcome
J.G. Schenker

Assisted Reproduction Techniques and Congenital Defects
J. Egozcue

Perinatal Nutrition

Milestones in the Development of Perinatal Nutrition During the Last Half Century
A. Ballabriga

Introduction of Solid Foods to Breastfeeding Infants. When to Start?
L. Landa-Rivera

Breast Feeding in Premature Infants. When to Start and Why?
R. Schanler

Breast Feeding in Developing Countries
N.R. Bhandari

Parenteral and Enteral Feeding in ELBW Infants
V.Y.H. Yu

Postnatal Growth of the Preterm Infants and Supplements of Zinc in Milk Formula
E. Doménech, N.M. Díaz-Gómez, F. Barroso and C. Cortabarría

Breast Feeding Supplements in VLBW Infants: Yes
R. Schanler

Breast-feeding in HIV Infants: NO
O. García-Algar

Fetal Phisiopatology

Doppler Ultrasonography of the Human Fetal Pulmonary Circulation
J.A.M. Laudy, C. Brezinka and J.W. Wladimiroff

The Significance of Volume Expansion in Potentially Avoidable Deaths
A. Ewer

Safeguards established at conception influence peri and postnatal life:Roles of Preimplantation Factor (PIF) and Developmental Proteins (DPs)
E.R. Barnea

Do Adult Diseases Have a Fetal Origin? Viewpoint of the Neonatologist
M. Carrapato

Fetal Assessment

Rational Use of High Perinatal Technology
A. Kurjak

Developmental Comparison of High Technology Versus Public Health Measures
B. Arabin, E. Raum and F.W. Schwartz

Knowing the Fetal Heart: What´s the Use?
A. Matias and J.C. Areias

Perinatal Consequences of Antenatal Cardiac Assessment
J.C. Areias and A. Matias

Integrated Evaluation of Maternal Cardiac Function and Uterine Artery Color Doppler in Pregnancy
H. Valensise, B. Vasapollo, G.P. Novelli, A. Piredda, G. Larciprete, A. Magrini, A. Bergamaschi, A. Galante and D. Arduini

Prenatal Diagnosis of Aneuploides

Early Sonographic Screening for Chromosomal Abnormalities
C. Comas

Preconceptional Genetic Diagnosis
J. Navarro, J. Benet, M. Durban, J.F. Sánchez-Garcia, A. Pujol, C. Gutiérrez and J. Egozcue

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
A. Veiga and I. Boiso

Prenatal Diagnosis of Aneuploidies by QF-PCR
M. Carrera

Fetal Ultrasound in the Preliminary Diagnosis of Cardiac Anomalies for Management of the New Born with Interventional Cardiac Catheterisation
C. Mortera

An Introduction to the Reproductive Aspects of Inborn Metabolic Diseases
T. Pàmpols

Ultrasonography and Doppler

Thirty-five Years Commitment in Ultrasound for Perinatal Medicine (1965–2000)
S. Levi

Evidence-based Medicine in Obstetric Ultrasonography
M. Aymerich, C. Almazán, A.J. Jovell and J.M.V. Pons

Visualization and Assessment of Normal and Abnormal Early Human Development
A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic, T. Hafner, I. Bekavac and B. Funduk-Kurjak

Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening
G. Monni and M.A. Zoppi

Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Genetic Diseases
A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic, F. Stipoljev, M. Kos and B. Funduk-Kurjak

Ultrasound Findings and Genetic Correlations
C. Papp, A. Beke and Z. Papp

3D-assessment in the First Trimester
H.-G. K. Blaas

Color Doppler Studies from Ovulation to Implantation
S. Kupesic, D. Bjelos and A. Kurjak

Color Doppler and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in the Assessment of Early Human Development
A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic, M. Kos, I. Bekavac and B. Funduk-Kurjak

Embryonic Anomalies in the First Trimester
H.-G.K. Blaas

U.S. Prediction of Miscarriage
J. Bajo, J. Haya and T. Perez-Medina

Embryo Assessment with Doppler Ultrasound
M. Ruiz-Flores

Yolk Sac Volume and Vascularity During the First Trimester
S. Kupesic and A. Kurjak

Intervillous Circulation
A. Kurjak, T. Hafner, S. Kupesic and R. Matijevic

Assessment of Uterine and Umbilical Artery Velocimetry During Latent and Active Phases of Normal Labor
I. Meizner

Early Pregnancy Loss

Early Pregnancy Loss Definition: Sporadic and Recurrent
G.E. Font, F.A. Gonzalez and M. Solaris

Early Pregnancy Loss: Chromosomal Factors
M. Carrera and I. Ribas

Autoimmune Factors In Early Pregnancy Loss
J. Balasch

Endocannabinoids Metabolism and Early Gestational Outcome: A New Tool for the First Trimester of Pregnancy
H. Valensise, M. Maccarrone, N. Lazzarin, M. Bari, K. Falciglia and A. Finazzi Agrò

Are There Still Indications for Aspirin During Pregnancy?
Ph. Merviel, L. Carbillon, J.C. Challier, M. Uzan and S. Uzan

Prevention and Treatment of Early Pregnancy Loss
I. Szabó and A. Szilágyi

Misoprostol in Termination of Blighted Ovum
U. Sathapanachai, E. Kovavisarath and K. Vairojanavong

Congenital Defects

The Epidemiological Basis of Dysmorphology
M.L. Martínez-Frías

Approach to the Newborn with Congenital Malformations
J.L. Frías

Overgrowth Syndromes in the Newborn
I. Arroyo Carrera

Primary Prevention of Birth Defects
E.C. Gadow

Fetal Skeletal Malformations Revisited: Steps in Diagnostic Approach
I. Meizner

The Value of Different Methods in Early Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities: Epidemiological Study
R. Matijevic

Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Pregnancy
J. Walter

Outcomes of Eurofetus1, a Collaborative Study of Malformation Ultrasound Screening
S. Levi, W. Zhang, H. Grandjean and T. Cos

Prenatal Detection of Fetal Tumors and Cysts
I. Meizner

Prenatal Evaluation of Left Heart Hypoplasia
J. Troyano, M. Clavijo, Y. Marco, C. Mendoza and V. Mahtani

Perinatal Management of Congenital Heart Defects
F. Daffos and V. Mirlesse

The Posterior Fossa: A Useful Landmark in the Evaluation of Fetal Ventriculomegaly
V. D’ Addario, V. Pinto, E. Di Naro, A.B. Anfossi and L. Di Cagno

Obstretric Management of Central Nervous System Anomalies (CNS)
M.S.F Palermo

3-D Volume Imaging and 3-D Angiography of the Fetal Brain
R.K. Pooh and K.H. Pooh

Genetics and Pathogenesis of Perinatal Kidney Diseases
M. del Campo Casanelles

Practical Approach to the Management of Newborns with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and the Urinary Tract
G. Pintos-Morell

Acute Renal Failure in the Neonate
J.-P. Guignard and A. Drukker

Urological Tract Deseases Ultrasound And Biochemical Markers
J.M. Troyano, M. Clavijo, V. Mahtani, C. Mendoza and Y. Marco

Perinatal Infections

Breastfeeding and the Prevention of Postnatal MTCT
N. Rollins

The Dilemma of Toxoplasmosis
M. Mahran

Neonatal Infections in Developing Countries
Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Perinatal Haemolytic Disease

Rhesus Incompatibility: Example of Progress in Perinatal Medicine
J. Queenan

Ultrasonography in Rh Hemolytic Disease
L.S. Voto

The Role of Ultrasonography and Doppler in the Management of Rh Haemolytic Disease
J. Parra

Perinatal Rh Hemolytic Disease. Intravenous IgG
A. González González, C. de la Cámara, F. Herrero de Lucas and M. Cortes Leon

Fetal Intravascular High-dose Immunoglobulin Administration for Treatment of Erythroblastosis
J. Alonso

Preeclampsia

New Knowledges on Endothelial Lesion
J. Bellart, R. Gilabert, C. Guix and V. Cararach

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia
R. Comino-Delgado and J.L. Bartha-Rasero

Risk of Intrauterine Death: HELLP Syndrome
F. Arias

Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Impaired Glucose Tolerance on Pregnancy Outcome in Chinese Women
T.T. Lao

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Pregnancy: Sonographic Guidelines
I. Meizner

The Infant of the Diabetic Mother: An Overview
M. Carrapato

Offspring of Diabetic Mothers: Long Term Results of a Very Tight Metabolic Control in Pregnancy
A. Marini, M. Li Destri, F. Cattaneo and M. Agosti

Placental Insufficiency

Screening for Placental Insufficiency
K. Vetter

The Discovery of Syncytin
J.C. Keith, Jr, R. Pijnenborg and F.A. Van Assche

High Risk Pregnancy and Associated Pathology

Bhopal Tragedy – Pregnancy Outcome in Women Exposed to Toxic Gas
N.R. Bhandari

Maternity Over 35 Years
P.-N. Barri, R. Tur, B. Coroleu and R. Buxaderas

The Influence of Drug Abuse on Perinatal Outcome
I. Banović, V. Banović and D. Roje

Thyroid Disorders and Pregnancy Outcome
T.T. Lao

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome in Pregnancy
W.W. Sumpaico

Cancer and Pregnancy
S. Dexeus

Cervical Carcinoma in Pregnancy
A. Novo

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation: Indications and Results
I. Boiso, A. Veiga, P.N. Barri and S. Dexeus

Multiple Pregnancy

Monozygotisity at the Turn of the Millennium
I. Blickstein

Multiple Pregnancy: Ultrasonographic Evaluation
M. Ruiz-Flores

Invasive Genetic Evaluation of Multiple Pregnancy
A. Antsaklis

Twin Birth: Management and Delayed Delivery of Second Twin
L. M. Graça

Neonatal Outcome of Multiple Gestation
R. Porta

Ethical Considerations in the Management of Multiples
F.A. Chervenak and L.B. McCullough

The State of the Art in Cervical Assessment in Twin Gestations
B. Arabin

The Decalogue of the Management of Twins
G.C. Di Renzo, A. Cutuli, A. Rosati, R. Luzietti and G. Clerici

Fetal Reduction in Twins
B. Brambati and L. Tului

Fetal Reduction in Triplets
A. Antsaklis

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) and Pre-term Labour

Premature Rupture of Membranes. Management Options: A Spanish Experience
V. Cararach, O. Tamayo, J. Sentís, F. Botet and Spanish PROM Group

Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes - A Hungarian Experience (Novel Methods for the Expectant Management)
I. Szabó, M. Vizer and L. Halvax

PROM: Pharmacologic Treatment
F. Arias

Role of Operative Early Total Cervix Occlusion for Prevention of Late Abortion and Early Prematurity
E. Saling, M. Schreiber and J. Lüthje

Ultrasonographic and Biochemical Markers of Preterm Birth
G. Rizzo, A. Capponi, E. Angelini and A. Muscatello

Biochemical Markers for Cervical Ripening
F. Nunes, R. Rodrigues, T. Avillez, L. Breitenfeld, M. Bicho and M. Meirinho

Advances and Innovations in Prematurity. Introduction
J.C. Martínez

Prevention of Preterm Delivery
E. Saling, M. Schreiber and J. Lüthje

Limits in the Care of the Premature Infant: Evolution of a Changing Outlook
J. Hernández

Prevention of Prematurity: A Prospective Study
U.B. Hoyme, A. Grosch, U. Möller, V.M. Roemer and E. Saling

Multivariate Model for Prediction of the Risk of Preterm Delivery and Proposal for Lowering the Very Preterm Delivery Rate
I. Verdenik and Ž. Novak-Antolič

Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth. Clinical Relevence
W. Gibb, J. Challis, S. Lye, W. Whittle, F. Patel and N. Alfaidy

Antenatal Glucocorticoid Therapy for the Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
I. Szabó, M. Vizer and T. Ertl

Cervical Cerclage: Revisited
R. Matijevic, B. Olujic and A. Kurjak

Preterm Birth and Iron Deficiency
T. Zodan-Marin and R. Huch

Growth Alterations

Study of Nucleated Red Blood Cells in IUGR
M.Y. Divon and A. Ferber

Fetal Cardiovascular Changes in Growth Restricted Fetuses
G. Rizzo, A. Capponi and C. Romanini

Cerebral Circulation and Behavior in IUGR
G. Clerici, R. Luzietti, A. Cutuli and G.C. Di Renzo

Ductus Venosus in IUGR: Perinatal outcome
E. Antolín and JM. Carrera

Neonatal Management of Small-for-date Babies
A.K. Deorari

Long Term Outcome of Small for Date Babies
S. Chaudhari

Very Low Birth Weight Infants

The Oxidative Stress in the Development of the Anemia of the VLBW Infant
R. Bracci, M. Longini, P. Paffetti and S. Perone

Women with Very Preterm Delivery: Is There Injustice in Obtaining Basic Health Care?
Ž. Novak-Antolič and I. Verdenik

Can Different Types of Post-Discharge Nutrition Influence Growth and Mental Development in VLBW Infants?
M. Agosti, G. Calciolari, L. Leva, C. Vegni and A. Marini

Chronic Lung Disease in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Role of Cytokines and Strategies for the Management
Y. Ogawa, H. Shimizu, J. Takasaki, T. Nakamura and Y. Itakura

Thyroid Hormones and VLBW
A.G. van Wassenaer, J.M. Briët and J.H. Kok

Neonatal Management of Intracranial Pathology in Very Low Birthweight Infants
X. Krauel

The Prognosis of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Y. Ogawa, K. Itabashi and E. Takada

Surfactant Effectiveness in Clinical Practice. Observational Study
G. Bevilacqua and S. Parmigiani

Exogenous Surfactant Therapy
E.M.A. Diniz

Perinatal Asphyxia

Cerebral Palsy-Obstetric Responsibility
E.M. Symonds

Cerebral Palsy: Neonatologic Responsability
A. García-Alix

Detection of Intrapartum Hypoxia
K.G. Rosén, I. Amer-Wåhlin, S. Bretones, R. Luzietti, H. Norén and P. Pöllanen for the STAN® study group and the EU Innovation project "FECG"

Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inhibition on Protien Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity During Hypoxia in Neuronal Cell Membranes of Newborn Piglets
S.H. Haider, O.P. Mishra, A.B. Zubrow, K.I. Fritz and M. Delivoria-Papadopoulos

Fetal Asphyxia: Current Concepts on the Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Injury
D. Maulik

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Perinatal Asphyxia
J. Wyatt

Fetal Therapy

In Utero Stem Cell Therapy
T.-H. Bui and D.R.E. Jones

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Amniodrainage
E. Jauniaux

Towards an Endoscopic Intra-uterine Treatment for CongenitalDiaphragmatic Hernia: Preclinical Experimental Studies
J. Deprest, E. Gratacos, E. Verbeken, V. Evrard, J. Wu, H. Yamamoto, X. Ge, H. Flageole, K. Vanamo, M. Miserez and T. Lerut

Birth

Information Management in Perinatal Care
M. Helfrich-Jones

Misoprostol for Third Stage of Labor
D.V. Surbek and W. Holzgreve

Intrapartum FHR Pattern
H.P. van Geijn

Does the FECG Have a Place in Clinical Practice?
E.M. Symonds

Computerized Cardiotocography
J. Bernardes, D. Ayres-de-Campos, J.P. Marques-de-Sá and L. Pereira-Leite

Fetal Pulse Oximetry
J. Monleon, J. Monleon-Sancho, C. Baixauli, R. Sanchez Sanchez, J. Minguez-Milio and J. Minguez

Intrapartum Surveillance: Pulsioximetry
E. Nunes de Morais

Perinatal Stress
G.C. Di Renzo, R. Luzietti, G. Clerici, A. Cutuli, M.M. Mignosa and P. Panagopoulos

Epidural Anesthesia: Effects on Perinatal Outcome
P. De La Fuente, T. Cabrera and J.M. Hernández

Perineal Trauma in Childbirth and Postnatal Pain
R. McCandlish

Should the Mother Make the Decision for Cesarean Section?
W.B. Harer, Jr

Cesarean Section for All Twins?
I. Blickstein

Perinatal Mortality

Reasons of Low Perinatal Mortality in Japan
K. Maeda

Evolution of Perinatal Mortality in Spain
E. Fabre, M. Tajada and R. González de Agüero

Perinatal Mortality in Russian Federation
E. Ailamazian and N. Pavlova

Neonatal Mortality in Catalonia
A. Moral García

Embryofetopathology
D. Kalousek

Neonatal Screening and Diagnosis

Screening of Phenylketonuria
A. Baldellou, M. Tamparillas and MªI. Salazar

Optimisation of Screening Procedures for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Neonatal Medicine
J.E. Toublanc

Nosocomial Infections: Epidemiology and Ethiology. The "Castrillo" Study Group Experience
X. Carbonell-Estrany for the Castrillo Study Group.

Color Doppler Flow Imaging and Power Doppler in The Neonatal Brain
A. Pellicer and F. Cabañas

Cerebral Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
L.S. de Vries, A.M. Roelants-van Rijn and F. Groenendaal

Advances in Neonatal Magnetic Resonance
P.S. Hüppi

3-D Ultrasound in Assessment of Neonatal Brain
M. Stanojevic

Fetal Brain Assessment by Transvaginal US, 3-D US and MRI
R.K. Pooh and K.H. Pooh

Neonatal Pathology

NEC: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
V.Y.H. Yu

Inflammatory Mediators and Intestinal Injury
M. Caplan and T. Jilling

Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Preoperative Management: The role of Peritoneal Drainage
X. Demestre

Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
S.H. Ein

Management of Jaundice in Pre-term and Term Newborns: Lessons From the Last 20 Years
M.J. Maisels

Prevention of Kernicterus: New and Future Therapies
D.K. Stevenson

Newborn Jaundice and Kernicterus: Predictive Role of System-based Application of Jaundice Technologies
V.K. Bhutani and L.H. Johnson

Inhibition of Bilirubin Production: Clinical Trials with Sn-Mesoporphyrin
G.S. Drummond

Advances in Neonatal Oncology
J. Sánchez de Toledo

Neonatal Care and Transport

Strategies to Improve the Neonatal Environment
V. Roqués, J. Miranda, J.V. Garrigues and A. Garcia

Kangaroo Mother Care in Developing Countries
N. Charpak

Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP)
B. Westrup, A. Kleberg, K. Stjernqvist and H. Lagercrantz

Neonatal Transport in Developing Countries
V.K. Paul

Neonatal Transport in Developed Countries
MªT. Esqué and M. Thió

Critical Care

How Much Oxygen Is Enough?
O.D. Saugstad

ECMO: Is It Still Useful in Severe Hypoxemia of the Newborn?
P. Nolent and J.Y. Chevalier

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiovascular Diseases
M. Sánchez-Luna, D. Blanco, B. Arias, S. Caballero, M.L. Franco, M.L. Serrano, E. Maroto, R. Greco, J.C. Agustín and V. Perez

How Much Oxygen is Well Tolerated?
M. Vento

Vasoactive Mediators Involved in Pulmonary Hypertension
E. Villamor

CPAP and Ventilatory Modes Delivered by Nasal Prong(s) – Evidence of Efficacy
A. Greenough

Proportional Assist Ventilation In Infants
A. Schulze

Perinatal Training

Training and Subspecialisation in Neonatology
V.Y.H. Yu

Training – Learning by Doing – Better
S. Maigaard Axelsen

Training in Perinatology in Thailand
K. Vairojanavong

South African Experience in Perinatal Training
D. Woods

The Importance of Mentoring in Perinatal Medicine
R. Huch

Midwifery in Europe. Where Are We Going?
D. Taxbøl

Ethics and Law in Perinatal Medicine

Ethics and Law in Prenatal Diagnosis
F.A. Chervenak and L.B. McCullough

Ethical Aspects of HIV Infection and Reproduction
J.G. Schenker

Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in the Care of Newborn in the Developing Countries
M. Singh

Violence Against Newborns
M.T. Neto

Local and National Perinatal Audit
A.J. Barson

Research in Perinatology

Introduction of Evidence-based Medicine in Perinatology
F. Althabe, P. Buekens, J.M. Belizán and M. Belizán

Implementing EBM at an Argentine General Hospital: An Experience
D. Montes-Varela

An Evidence-based Approach to Doppler Surveillance of High-risk Pregnancy
D. Maulik

Evidence Based Medicine in Neonatology
L. Otheguy

Global Profile of Latinamerican Medical Journals
D. Avila and D. Avila, Jr.

Neonatal Networks. Controversy over Evidence-based Neonatology: Neonatal Networks vs. Neonatal Systematic Reviews
A. Valls i Soler

Authorship and Co-authorship
R. Huch

Research on Human Embryos: Yes
J. Egozcue

Research on Human Embryos: No
J.R. Lacadena

Evidence Based Midwifery Practice
M. Mead

Internet

The Use of Internet in Prenatal Medicine
J. Sabriá and C. Bach

Internet Resources for Midwives
P. Burkhardt

Works Arrived During the Course of Publication

Cytomegalovirus Fetal Infection: Diagnosis and Prognosis Fuzzy
D. Arduini, C. Exacoustòs, A. Amodio, D. Rinaldo and M. Baldi

Logic in the Management of New Perinatal Variables
D. Arduini, F. Giannini, G. Magenes, M.G. Signorini and P. Meloni

Intrapartum Surveillance: Computer Cardiotocography
D. Arduini, F. Giannini, G. Magenes, M.G. Signorini and A. Stroppolo

Advances in Fetal Cranial Doppler Ultrasonography
D. Arduini, C. Exacoustòs, C. Montoneri, D. Rinaldo and F. Giannini

Brazilian Experience on Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy
A.M. Bertini

Computerized Cardiotocography in Fetuses with Haemodynamic Redistribution
Sang Choon Cha, Arlete Yamasaki, David Pares
and Ana Maria A. Bertini

Managing Multiple Pregnancy: State of the Art. Introduction
I. Blickstein

Pregnancy After Renal Transplantation
V. Cararach, O. Coll, G. Casals, F. Figueras and J.L. Oppenheimer

Preterm Birth and Bacterial Vaginosis
V. Cararach, M. Palacio, E. Gratacós and O. Coll

Cesarean Section. Restricted Use Versus Liberal Use: Liberal Use
R.C. Forleo, G. Larciprete and P. Forleo

Guidelines to Reduce Lawsuits in Perinatal Medicine
M. Gallo, E. Fabre, M. Palermo, A. Mejides, P. de León and J.M. Carrera

ENTOG: The Growing Potential
A.J. Goverde

Prognostic Factors in Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
A. Macaya

Interventions to Reduce HIV Mother-to-child Transmission
Begoña Martínez de Tejada Doménech

Tissue Doppler Imaging of the Fetal Heart
D. Paladini, A. Tartaglione, A. Lamberti, A. Teodoro,
A. Loffredo and P. Martinelli

Preventing Premature Births in France
E. Papiernik

Regionalisation of Perinatal Care in Europe
E. Papiernik

The Viewpoint of the Perinatal Quality Indicators. Results from the Seine-Saint-Denis Perinatal Audit
E. Papiernik, M. Bucourt and J. Zeitlin

Perinatal Health in the World: Congress’ Lessons
E. Papiernik

Effect of a Fetal Inherited Metabolic Disease on the Mother: Defects of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid b-Oxidation
A. Ribes, M. Rodés and J.H. Osorio

Clinical Significance of High Pathological Doppler Flow-Findings in High Risk Pregnancies
W. Schmidt, R. Axt-Fliedner, H.J. Hendrik and K. Ertan

Perinatal Health in Asia Oceania
R.L. Tambyraja

Gene Therapy: What Is Clinical Practice?
T.-H. Bui

Ultrasonography in Labor & Delivery Suite
A. Vintzileos

Cost-Effectiveness of Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis
A. Vintzileos

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Risk Factors and Management
A. Vintzileos

Antepartum Fetal Biophysical Assessment: The Past, Present and Future
A. Vintzileos

Obstetrical Management System
S. Mukhopadhyay and S. Arulkumaran

Cost-Benefit of Antepartum Fetal Monitoring
R. González de Agüero, E. Fabre, M. Tajada and M.P. Pérez-Hiraldo


 Via Maserati 5 Bologna Italy   - Tel. +39 051 4151123   Fax +39 051 370529