Sept. 21-24, 2003
Monterey, California, USA

Craniofacial Surgery 10

Proceedings of X International Congress of the International Society of Cranio Facial Surgery

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PREFACE

The proceedings of the International Society of Craniofacial Surgeons held in Monterey, California September 21-24, 2003 represent the “state-of-the-art” in clinical care and research in craniofacial surgery presented at the 10th Biennial meeting. The Society was established 20 years ago honoring its founding father, Paul Tessier. The purpose of this society was to foster excellence and provide leadership in this new surgical specialty. This meeting was held for the second time in the U.S. commemorating the 20th anniversary of the society. A Pre-Meeting Symposium was presented by nine of the founding members of this society on long-term outcomes. Both meetings are available on CD-rom providing the live presentations and scientific data. Included with this volume is an additional CD-rom of the proceedings compliments of Synthes Maxillofacial.
Quantitative data providing outcome measurements is required today to document results in craniofacial surgery. This reconstructive surgery has provided improved quality of life for hundreds of thousands of patients with deformities due to congenital, acquired, traumatic, and tumors of the head and neck region. In the tradition of our meeting, as established by Daniel Marchac, short presentations were followed by lively discussion. I have included these discussions to provide a much better understanding of the current thinking regarding these papers.
This meeting had nearly 300 registered participants from 23 countries. The scientific program was selected from 218 abstracts divided into categories of research, distraction, craniosynostosis, alloplastic materials, aesthetic surgery of the craniofacial skeleton, blood replacement, tumors, trauma, facial clefts, encephaloceles, and other related congenital anomalies. The papers in these proceedings are in the order that they were presented and with their corresponding discussions. The majority of the remaining papers which were accepted or presented as posters at this meeting are also included.
In my opening presidential address, I stated that it is time the International Society take a more active role to assume the delivery of excellence of care globally for craniofacial patients. The International Society of Craniofacial Surgeons should not only be for surgeons, but become better advocates for our patients. Under served areas of the world need access to craniofacial expertise which should be delivered in dedicated centers of excellence.
During this last two-year period, a strategic plan was drafted, accepted, and presented at the business meeting. It was anticipated that efforts would be taken in the future to move towards the goals set out in this strategic plan. The technical and research advances in craniofacial surgery presented in this volume will improve patient care and quality of outcomes. It is left to the future leaders of this society to take a pro-active position for our patients, to inform appropriate governments, media, and the public in general about the potential contributions of craniofacial surgery to the welfare of our society and improved quality of life for many patients.


Kenneth E. Salyer, M.D.


 


CONTENTS

 

Preface
Achieving Excellence in Craniofacial Surgery
K.E. Salyer


The 2003 Tessier Lecture
M.T. Longaker
 


Chapter I - Research


Gene Expression of Proteins Involved in Early Phase Bone Regeneration Is Reduced in Aged Rats
M.E. Skourtis, X. Gong, W. Ozaki and S.R. Winn

Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AMSC) Bone Generation in a Canine Craniotomy Model
K.E. Salyer, C.R. Barcelo, M. Kramer, D.G. Genecov and L.A. Opperman

Abstract: Tissue Engineering in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration using Gene Engineered Autologous Bone Marrow Mensenchymal Stem Cells
S. Chia Ning Chang, H. Chuang, Y.R. Chen, J.K. Chen, H.-Y. Chung, Y.-L. Iiu, H.-Y. Lin,
C.-L. Tai and J. Lou

Discussion

A Comparison of Inlay Vs. Onlay Bone Graft Dynamics in the Craniofacial Skeleton
S. Buchman, A. Rosenthal and W. Ozaki

Equivalent Tooth Eruption Is Seen Between rhBMP-4 Gene Therapy and Autografting in a New Juvenile Canine Model
J. Chen, S. Winn, X. Gong and W. Ozaki

Biocompatibility of Norian CRS and Resorbable Fixation Systems in Critical Sized Cranial Defects: Long-term Results in an Adult Animal Model
F.R. Graewe, D.D. Genecov, R. Barcelo, M. Kremer, L. Opperman, A. Amada, R. Agarwal and K.E. Salyer

Abstract: Measuring Pulsatile Forces Acting on the Human Cranium
C.S. Goldberg, C.S. Goldberg and J.A. Fialkov

Discussion

Attending to Families: Do Clinical Services Meet Patient Needs? An Audit of UK Clinical Services
D. Hearst, M. Knapp, J. Middleton, J. Reed and K. Saunders

Subpopulations of Patients with Frontonasal Dysplasia
D.W. Day, K.E. Salyer and J.A. Fearon

Speech and Language Characteristics of Children with Pfeiffer Syndrome Type 2 and 3
C. Shipster, T. Sirimanna, D. Hearst, S.L. Lap, B. Gillespie, R. Evans and R. Hayward

Abstract: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and deletions of TWIST
I.M. de Heer, A.J.M. Hoogeboom, B. Eussen, C. Vermeij-Keers, J.M. Vaandrager and A. de Klein

Discussion


New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Deformational Plagiocephaly
S.P. Beals, E.F. Joganic, K.H. Manwaring, H.L. Rekate, J.K. Pomatto,
J.C. Cherney and T.R. Littlefield

3-Dimensional CT Assessment of Craniofacial Deformity in Patients with Uncorrected Congenital Muscular Torticollis
C.C. YU, F.H. WONG, L.J. LO and Y.-R. CHEN

Environment vs. Genetics: A Study of Family Head Shape
J.K. Pomatto, T.R. Littlefield, J.C. Cherney and S.P. Beals

Abstract: The Significance of Torticollis in Deformational Posterior Plagiocephaly
G.F. Rogers and J.B. Mulliken

Discussion

Cell Yield, Proliferation, Post-expansion Differentiation Capacity and Growth Factor Responsiveness of Human Ear, Nasal and Rib Chondrocytes
A. Tay,, J. Farhadi, R. Suetterlin, M. Heberer, G. Pierer and I. Martin

Tissue Engineered Human Auricular Chondrocytes and Its Clinical Application for Cranio-Facial Deformities
K. Imai, H. Yanaga, A. Yamada, T. Nomachi, T. Fujimoto and S. Miyamoto

Discussion

 

 

Chapter II - Distraction Osteogenesis


Quadruple Internal Distraction with Monobloc Advancement: Experience with 20 Cases
E. Arnaud, D. Marchac and D. Renier

Long Term Follow-up: Report of 17 Cases of Craniosynostosis
C.M. Raposo do Amaral, C.L. Buzzo, T. Rinco, M.A.C. Bueno, L.A.B. Turchiari and C.E. Raposo do Amaral

Intracranial Volume Measurements After Fronto-orbital Advancement Using Gradual Distraction in Patients with Non-syndromic or Syndromic Craniosynostosis
T. Fujimoto, K. Imai, H. Komune, T. Nomachi, M. Fujii, H. Sakamoto and S. Kitano

Abstract: Monobloc advancement: Reduced morbidity with distraction osteogenesis
P. Taub, J.P. Bradley, P. Benhaim and H. Kawamoto

Abstract: Midface Advancement with External Distraction Osteogenesis: Technique and Analysis
J.W. Polley, A.A. Figueroa, D.F. Gomez, G.J. Kouris and S.J.V. Theodorou

Abstract: Monobloc Distraction Osteogenesis in Infants and Young Children. Functional Outcomes
D.J. Dunaway, B.M. Jones, R.D. Evans, R.D. Hayward, D. Mowatt, V. Pierera, S. Leighton and K.K. Nischall

Discussion

Further Experiences in Midfacial Advancement without Maxillary Osteotomy
P. Pellerin, N. Capon-Desgardin, P. Dhellemmes and M. Vinchon

Precise Three Dimensional Control of Mid-facial Distraction at the LeFort III Level
R.J. Havlik and R. Hathaway

Discussion

Abstract: Long-term Evaluation of Mandibular Growth Following Distraction Osteogenesis
J.N. Jensen, J.G. McCarthy and B.H. Grayson

Abstract: Maxillary Stability After Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) in Cleft Patients with Rigid External Distraction
A.A. Figueroa, J.W. Polley, H. Friede and E. Ko

Abstract: Skeletal and speech alterations after maxillary distraction osteogenesis by RED in cleft patients
P.K.T. Chen, C.-C. Yu , Y.-R. Chen, E.J.W. Liou and D.C.S. Huang

Abstract: Finite-element analysis and visualization of changes following maxillary distraction osteogenesis
P.E. Santiago, G.D. Singh, R.A. Dietrich, M.A. Yanez, L.M. Reyes, J.W. Polley and A.A. Figueroa

Discussion

Microdistraction of Pre-osteoblasts: Proliferation, Differentiation, and Favorable Morphological Change
M. Askari, K. Azari, K. O’Hara, J.O. Hollinger and J.P. Bradley

Endothelial Progenitor Cell Trafficking in Distraction Osteogenesis in the Activation and Consolidation Phases
C.L. Cetrulo, Jr., R.L. Ashinoff, D.J. Ceradini, M. Dobryanski, J.M. Capla, K.A. Bhatt,
R.D. Galiano, J.N. Jensen, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G. McCarthy

Gene Therapy with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
R.L. Ashinoff, R.D. Galiano, C.L. Cetrulo Jr., M. Dobryansky, K.A. Bhatt,
J. Michaels V, D. Ceradini, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G. McCarthy

Abstract: The Positive Effect of LIPUS on Rapid Mandibular Distraction
P. Stephens, K. Andersen, M.P. Gianoutsos and W. R. Walsh

Discussion

Spring-Mediated Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
M. Mofid

Correction of Upper Airway Obstruction in the Newborn with Internal Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
J.P. Bradley, K. Izadi, R. Yellon, D. Mandell and K. O’Hara

Single-Stage Resorbable Bone Distraction: A New Class of Devices
J.K. Williams, F.D. Burstein and R. Hudgins

Discussion

To Distract or Not to Distract: an Algorithm for Airway Management in Isolated Pierre Robin Sequence
A.K. Gosain, R.B. Schaefer and J.A. Stadler III

Management of Upper Airway and Feeding Difficulties in Infants with Pierre Robin Sequence Using Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
A.J. Abdollahzadeh and A.A. Rozzelle

Avoiding Tracheostomy in Neonates with Severe Micrognathia Using Modified Osteotomy & Positioning of the Internal Mandibular Distraction Device
V.K. Singhal

Distraction Osteogenesis for Treatment of Mandibular Airway Obstruction Syndrome
D.G. Genecov, K.E. Salyer, E.R. Genecov, C.R. Barcelo and Y.-C. Por

Abstract: Deglutition Gastroesophageal Reflux and Apnea in Pierre Robin Corrected by Distraction
F. Ortiz Monasterio and F. Berlanga

Abstract: Outcome Analysis of Distraction in Infants with Pierre Robin Sequence
C.R. Volpe and C.A. Vander Kolk

Discussion

Influence of Distraction Osteogenesis in Mandibular Hypoplasia on the Facial Development in the Growing Age
C. Klein

Abstract: Modification of the Distraction Technique in the Severely Hypoplastic Mandibular Ramus
J.G. McCarthy, B.H. Grayson, J.N. Jensen and M. Eski

Abstract: Midface Distraction at the Lefort I Level: The Role of Rapid Distraction, Callus Bending, and Rigid Internal Fixation
S.P. BARTLETT, S. BAKER and J. LOSSEE

Discussion

 

 

Chapter III - Craniosynostosis


Analysis of Frontofacial Growth in Patients with FGFR3Pro250Arg Mutation
J.K. Wu, B.L. Padwa and J.B. Mulliken

Abstract: Microfocal Computer Tomography Examination of Mouse Cranial Sutures In Situ
R.F. Recinos, R.B. Schaefer, C. Hanger, C. Dawson and A.K. Gosain

Abstract: Craniofacial dysostosis – a clinical management algorithm
B.M. Jones, D. Dunaway, R. Evans and R. Hayward

Discussion

“How Low Can You Go?” Severe Falls in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Children with Complex Craniosynostosis
R. Hayward, S. Gonsalez, D. Mowatt and B. Jones

VP-Shunt Induced Bone Resorption after Craniofacial Remodeling
C.R. Barcelo, K.E. Salyer,
D.G. Genecov and K. Shapiro

Abstract: The Correlation Between Non-syndromic Craniosynostosis and Chiari I Malformations
T.X. Hahm, C.R. Volpe, D. Foer,
B. Robertson and C.A. Vander Kolk

Discussion

Surgical Management of Multiple Suture Synostosis: Using Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Craniectomies
C. Barone, D. Jimenez, L. Baker and C. Cartwright

Minimally Invasive Spring Mediated Cranioplasty for Craniosynostosis
L. David, S. Glazier and L. Argenta

Abstract: Endoscopic vs. Open Craniosynostosis Reconstructive Techniques: A Retrospective Comparison of Efficacy
E.J. Stelnicki and L. Rodriguez

Abstract: Comparison of Early Extended Strip Craniectomy (ESC) Versus Total Cranial Vault Reshaping (TCV) in Sagittal Synostosis: CT and Clinical Assessment
J.R. Marcus, B.P. Rechner, P. Dirks, J. Rutka, J. Drake, R. Humphreys, J. Phillips and C.R. Forrest

Discussion

Long-term Follow- up: Report of 7 Cases of Unilateral Coronal Synostosis
C.E. Raposo do Amaral, P.H. Facchina Nunes, C.L. Buzzo, V.L.A. Raposo do Amaral and C. Raposo do Amaral

Abstract: Complications Following the Surgical Management of Non-Syndromic Unicoronal Synostosis In Infancy
C.R. Forrest, P. Dirks, R. P. Humphreys, J. Drake and J.T. Rutka

Discussion

Measurements of Electrical and Magnetic Brain Activity Help Detecting Brain Dysfunctions in Children with Craniosynostoses
J. Hukki, M. Huotilainen, J. Öhman, E. Kushnerenko, A. Shestakova and R. Näätänen

Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Patients Undergoing Aesthetic Surgery of the Craniofacial Skeleton
D. Sarwer, L. Whitaker and S. Bartlett

New Insights in the Mechanisms of Craniosysnostosis
S. WARREN, L. BRUNET. A. ECONOMIDES, R. NACAMULI, K. FONG, H. SONG, T. FANG, J. MATHY and M. LONGAKER

Abstract: Cognitive and Behavioral Function in Non-syndromic Craniosynostosis
D. Becker, J. Dayne Petersen,
A.A. Kane, T. Pilgram, M.M. Cradock,
J.M. Gurley and J.L. Marsh

Discussion

 

 

Chapter IV- Alloplastic Materials


The Use of Hydroxyappatite Cement in Craniofacial Reconstruction: Experience in 130 Patients
F.D. Burstein, J.K. Williams, S. Cohen, R. Hudgins, W. Boydston and A. Reisner

Hydroxyapatite Cement Cranioplasty in the Pediatric Population
B. Beber, J.H. Phillips and C.R. Forrest

Evaluation of the Results of 98 Cranioplasties Using Methyl Methacrylate Implants
D. Marchac and A. Greensmith

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) As a Bone Substitute in Craniofacial Surgery
G. Maltese, P. Tarnow, R. Olsson and C. Lauritzen

Discussion

 


Chapter V - Aesthetic Surgery of the Craniofacial Skeleton


Reduction Malarplasty without External Incision: A Simple Technique
C. Mahatumarat and N. Rojvachiranonda

Quantitative Analysis of Postoperative Growth of the Anterior Cranial Vault and Cranial Base in Syndromal Synostoses
J. Kolar and K. Salyer


Blood Replacement Reducing Allogenic Transfusions in Pediatric Cranial Vault Surgery: A Prospective Analysis Utilizing Blood Recycling
J. Fearon

Efficacy of Aprotinin in Children Undergoing Craniofacial Surgery
K. Muraszko, C.C. C’Errico, S. Buchman, H.M. Munro and D. wagner


Discussion

 

 


Chapter VI - Tumors and Related Congenital Anomalies


Abstract: Lingual Reduction in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
J.L. Marsh and L.M. Grames

Abstract: Effect of Partial Glossectomy on Dentofacial Development in Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
B.L. Padwa, J. Beltran, J.B. Mulliken and M. August

Discussion

Coverage of the Exposed Cranial Base
S.A. Wolfe, R. Ghurani, K. El-Musa, G. Morrison and J. Ragheb

Keystone Approach for Intra-Cranial Nasofrontal Dermoid Sinuses
J.A. van Aalst and R.J. Havlik

Discussion


Abstract: Duplication of Stomatodeal Structures Report of Six Cases with Literature Review
C.-H. Lin, Y.-R. Chen and P.K.T. Chen

Abstract: Diagnosis, Management and Outcome of Craniofacial Teratomas
R. Hopper, J. Gruss, J. Perkins, R. Ellenbogen and M. Cunningham

Teratomas of the Craniofacial Region
P.J. Anderson and D.J. David

Abstract: Definitive One Stage Correction of Severe Aplasia Cutis Congnita in the Neonatal Period
J.S. Gruss, A.R. Muzaffar and R.G. Ellenbogen

Composite Osseo-fascial Free Tissue Transfer: A New Approach to Total Internal Nasal Reconstruction
D. O’Donovan, J. Fialkov, P. Binhammer and O. Antonyshyn

Useful Initiatives in the Surgical Treatment of Cranio-Orbito-Temporal Neurofibromatosis
M. Kelly, G. Franchi, N. Waterhouse and D. Krastinova

Computer Generated HTR Implants for Orbital Neurofibromatosis
M. Sadove, J. Kalsbeck and B. Eppley

Discussion

 

 

Chapter VII - Trauma


Long-term Consequences of Fractures of the Pediatric Craniofacial Skeleton
D. Singh and S. Bartlett

Nasofrontal Duct Management in the Surgery of a Craniofacial Junction
S. Kyutoku, S. Kurooka, Y. Tomino and K. Kawakami

Frontal Sinus Fracture Outcomes: A Ten Year Review
A. Armour, J.G. Mainprize, J. Fialkov, C. Forrest,
J. Phillips and O. Antonyshyn

Functional Outcomes of Post-traumatic Enophthalmos Correction
R. Grover, N. Nijhiwan, A. Budning and O. Antonyshyn

Does Surgical Correction of Enopthalmus Require Overcorrection?
M. Musgrave, O. Antonyshyn and M. Pahuta

Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures with a Matrix Miniplate: A Preliminary Report
J. Feledy, E.J. Caterson, S. Steger, S. Stal and L. Hollier

Discussion

 

 

Chapter VIII - Facial Clefts, Encephalocele, and Other Anomalies


Hemifacial Microssomia: 105 Cases in 7 Years
R. da Silva Freitas, A.E. Contin Mansur, N. Alonso, L. Busato and G. Azor de Oliveira e Cruz

The Long-term Results in Hemifacial Microsomia
D.J. David

Clinical and Radiologic Findings in Five Patients with the Rare Tessier Number Nine Cleft
D. Goldenberg, N. Alonso, H. Friedhofer, E. Bastos, F. Saito and M. Ferreira

Surgical Treatment of Facial Cleft N# 4. Experience in 14 Cases
N. Alonso, R. Freitas, D. Goldenberg, E. Bastos, G. Cruz and M. Ferreira

Discussion

Transfacial Approach and Anthropometric Surgical Reconstruction for Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephaloceles
A. Fuente Del Campo and A. Escanero Salazar

Associated Brain Anomalies in the Frontoethmoidal Encephalomeningocele
N. Rojvachiranonda, S. Lerdlum, C. Mahatumarat, C. Taecholarn and J. Yanotai

Discussion

 

 

Chapter IX - Other Facial Anomalies


Abstract: Circular Splitting of the Mandible – Surgical Technique and Indications
J.A. Obwegeser

Abstract: Bilateral Temporomandibular joint ankylosis: long term functional results after autogenous reconstruction
Y.-R. Chen, V. Dhawan, C.-S. Hwang,
E.W.-C. Ko, P.K.T. Chen and L.-J. Lo

Abstract: Anatomy of the Temporal Hollow: The Superficial Temporal Fat Pad
S. Kim and D. Matic

Abstract: Hard and Soft Tissue Virtual Surgery (VISU) Prediction in Orthognathic Surgery
A. Bianchi, C. Marchetti, M. Bassi, R. Gori and U. Albisinni

Abstract: Facial Asymmetry and Hemifacial Hyperplasia
J.J. PARK and C.G. PARK

Discussion

 

 

Chapter X - Craniopagus Twins Panel


Separation of Craniopagus Twins. The Johns Hopkins Experience
C.R. Dufresne and B.S. Carson

Abstract: The Separation Craniopagus Twins
M.M. URATA, H.K. KAWAMOTO and P.J. TAUB

Discussion

 

 

Chapter XI - Other Papers not Presented


Microarray Analysis Comparing Juvenile and Adult Dura Mater
O.O. Aalami, K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, D.E. Sahar, K.A. Lenton, C.M. Cowan, J.T. Chi and M.T. Longaker

Establishment of a Young-versus-Adult Mouse Calvarial Defect Model
O.O. Aalami, R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, D.E. Sahar, K.A. Lenton, C.M. Cowan and M.T. Longaker

Metopic Craniosynostosis: Treatment Using Endoscopic Techniques
C. Barone, D. Jimenez, L. Baker and C. Cartwright

Endoscopic Anatomy of the Orbital Floor and Newly Described Orbito-Maxillary Strut
M. Bromwich, C. Moore, T. Wallace and D. Matic

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing in Distraction Osteogenesis: Promise for Ex Vivo Expansion Therapy and Gene-delivery Vehicles
C.L. Cetrulo, Jr., D.J. Ceradini, R.L. Ashinoff, M. Dobryanski, K.A. Bhatt, J. Michaels V, J.N. Jensen, R.D. Galiano, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G. McCarthy

Long Term Follow-up: 22 Cases of Hypertelorbitsm
C.L. Costa Pereira, M. Guidi, A.R. Clemente, T. Rinco, L.R. Martinhão Souto,
L.A. Athayde Cardoso and C. Raposo do Amaral

FGF-2 Form and Receptor Production Correlate with Osteoblast Maturity
C. Cowan, N. Quarto and M.T. Longaker

Angiogenesis During Distraction Osteogenesis
T.D. Fang, W. Xia, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, K.D. Fong, J.A. Mathy,
Y.Y. Shi and M.T. Longaker

A Mouse Model of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
T.D. Fang, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, R. Thomas, K.D. Fong, O.O. Aalami and M.T. Longaker

The Osteogenic Antagonist BMP-3 is Down-Regulated During Programmed Suture Fusion in the Rat
K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, K. Lenton, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, A. Salim, Y.-Y. Shi, O.O. Aalami and M.T. Longaker

Mechanical Strain Effects on Dura Mater Biology: Implications for Understanding Immature Calvarial Healing
K.D. Fong, S.M. Warren, E.G. Loboa, J.H. Henderson, T.D. Fang, R.P. Nacamuli, D.R. Carter and M.T. Longaker

Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cranial Suture Fusion
K.D. Fong, H.M. Song, R.P. Nacamuli, B. Franc, T.D. Fang, A. Salim, C. Contag, F. Blankenburg and M.T. Longaker

Calvarial Osteoblast Response to Mechanical Tensile Strain
K.D. Fong, E.G. Loboa, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang, A. Salim, Y.-Y. Shi and M.T. Longaker

Microfocal CT: A Method for Evaluating Murine Cranial Sutures In-Situ
R.F. Recinos, C.C. Hanger, R.B. Schaefer, C.A. Dawson and A.K. Gosain

A 12-Year Experience with Surgical Correction for Craniosynostosis at a Single University Center
J. Jack, H. Vasconez and B. Fink

Early Relapse of Mandibular Asymmetry During Consolidation Period in Distraction
S. Kim, W.J. Kim, J.C. Kim and C.G. Park

Vectorial Planning of Craniofacial Bone Distraction with the RED System
N. Alonso, D. Goldenberg, D. Lima, P. Camara and M. Ferreira

A New Three-dimensional Imaging System for Evaluation and Treatment of Plagiocephaly
T.R. Littlefield, J.K. Pomatto, S.P. Beals, K.M. Kelly and J.C. Cherney1

Comparison of Plaster Casting Versus 3D Imaging for Treatment of Plagiocephaly
T.R. Littlefield, J.K. Pomatto, S.P. Beals, K.M. Kelly and J.C. Cherney

Genome-wide Expression Analysis of Fetal Skin Development: Implications for Scarless Healing
R. Yun, W. Kong, R. Faudoa, W. Xia, M.T. Longaker and H.P. Lorenz

Use of Porous of Polyethylene (Medpor ®) Biomaterial in Cranial and Facial Reconstruction
A. Madaree, E. Siolo, W.M.M. Morris, P. McGarr, S. Simango and M. Daya

African Method of Stereolithography for Cranial Vault Reconstruction
A. Madaree, W.M.M. Morris, P.A.J.Le Roux and P. Furber

FGF-2 Stimulation Affects Calvarial Osteoblast Biology: Analysis of Nine Genes Important for Cranial Suture Biology
J.A. Mathy, K. Lenton, A. Salim, R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang,
G.P. Yang and M.T. Longaker

Midface Distraction in an Adult Patient with Crouzon Syndrome
K. Matsumoto, H. Nakanishi, K. Koutsu, M. Okazaki and K. Moriyama

The Use of Laser Data Acquisition Systems in the Treatment of Scaphocephaly
R.M. Menard and J. Welsh

Temporal Variations in Mechanical Stimuli during Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
E.F. Morgan, E.G. Loboa, T.D. Fang, M.T. Longaker and D.R. Carter

Starfish Craniectomy: An Alternative Approach for Cranial Reshaping
A.S. Murthy, S. Gargasz and M.G. Parker

In Situ Analysis of Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Cranial Sutures
R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, S.M. Warren, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, A. Salim, J.A. Helms and M.T. Longaker

Microarray Analysis of Regional Patterning of Suture-Specific Dura Mater
R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang, K.D. Fong, O.O. Aalami, A. Salim,
D.E. Sahar, J.T. Chi and M.T. Longaker

Feminization of the Chin: A Review of 485 Consecutive Cases
D.K. Ousterhout

Development of the Craniofacial Model Library
C. Perlyn, R. Hagan, R. Schmelzer, A. Kane, D. Govier, A. Christensen and J. Marsh

Uncommon Branchial Arch Sequelae: No Tongue, No Ear, Severe Micrognathia – How Can Effective Communication and Oral Feeding Occur?
M.E. Rosser

Cranial Suture Fate in an In Vitro Organ Culture Model
D.E. Sahar, H.M. Song, K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, S.M. Warren,
J.A. Mathy, T.D. Fang, O. Aalami and M.T. Longaker

Hypoxia and Anoxia Induce Different Metabolic and Growth Factor Responses in Osteoblasts
A. Salim, R.P. Nacamuli,
K.D. Fong, Y.Y. Shi, A.J. Giaccia and M.T. Longaker

Gene Expression of TGF-b1 and FGFR2 in Mouse Calvarial Tissues Using Real Time RT-PCR
R.B. Schaefer, R.F. Recinos, M. Agresti and A.K. Gosain

Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Effects of Aging on Multipotency
Y.-Y. Shi, R.P. Nacamuli, A. Salim, K.D. Fong, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang,
C.M. Cowan and M.T. Longaker

Analysis of de novo Bone Formation by Dura-derived TGF-b Signaling
H.M. Song, R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, T.D. Fang, O.A. Aalami,
S.M. Warren and M.T. Longaker

Retinoic Acid-mediated Effects on Calvarial Osteoblast Differentiation and Proliferation: Implications for Retinoic Acid-induced Craniofacial Abnormalities
H.M. Song, R.P. Nacamuli, W. Xia, S. Bari, K.D. Fong, T.D. Fang, Y.-Y. Shi, S.M. Warren and M.T. Longaker

Fibroblast Growth Factor Decreases Msx-2, Releasing a Cellular Brake on Mineralization in Calvarial Osteoblasts
J. Spector, J.A. Mathy, R.P. Nacamuli, S.M. Warren, K.D. Fong, A. Salim, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song and M.T. Longaker

Poly (D, L,) Lactide Implants in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery: Experience with a New Form of Resorbable Fixation
R.J. Wood, C Shell and J.A. Petronio

Fabrication of Bone/Cartilage Graft to Augment Facial Bones: Surgical Planning with Life-size Model and Silicon Impression
A. Yamada, K. Imai, S. Nagata, R. Shibazaki and K.E. Salyer

 

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